Why are the names above highlighted in two different colors?
The succession of the kings of Judah ended after the kingdom was destroyed and
they were
deported to Babylon during the reign of
Jeconiah, so the names highlighted in
green are found only in the New Testament
instead of in both the Old and New Testaments.
Is the
Zerubbabel above the same “Zerubbabel” mentioned in 1 Chronicles 3?
No, the two have different fathers, as well as different children. The Zerubbabel
in Matthew 1:12 is the son of
Shealtiel and the father of Abiud,
while the
“Zerubbabel” in 1 Chronicles 3 is the
son of
“Pedaiah” and the father of eight
other children:
“17 And the sons of
Jeconiah
when captive: Shealtiel his son,
18 and Malchiram, and
Pedaiah, and Shenazzar, Jecamiah, Hoshama, and Nedabiah.
19 And the
sons of Pedaiah: Zerubbabel and Shimei.
And the
sons of Zerubbabel: Meshullam, and Hananiah,
and Shelomith their sister,
20 and Hashubah,
and Ohel, and Berechiah, and Hasadiah, and Jushab-Hesed - five”
(1 Chronicles 3:17-20).
Shealtiel and
Pedaiah were brothers who both named
their sons
“Zerubbabbel.”
What about the “Shealtiel” and the “Zerubbabel”
mentioned in Luke 3:27?
The father of the
“Shealtiel” in Luke 3:27 is
“Neri” instead of Jeconiah
(Matthew 1:12) or
“Pedaiah” (1 Chronicles 3:19), and
the son of the
“Zerubbabel” in Luke 3:27 is
“Rhesa” instead of Abiud
(Matthew 1:13) or any of those named in 1 Chronicles 3:19-20 above.
Moreover, while the
Shealtiel and the two cousins named
“Zerubbabel” in Matthew 1:12 and in 1 Chronicles 3:19 are the son
and the grandsons, respectively, of the last king of Judah and the 19th
and the 20th descendants of King David through his royal heir King
“Solomon” (Matthew 1:6), the
“Shealtiel” and
“Zerubbabel” in Luke 3:27 are the 20th and the 21st descendants
of King David through his son
“Nathan” (Luke 3:31), so they were very distant relatives of their
royal namesakes.
Why would there be two people named “Shealtiel” and
three people named “Zerubbabel”?
When Jews chose names, uniqueness wasn't a priority. In fact, 20% of the
40 kings who reigned in Judah (21 kings) or in Israel (19 kings) were
cross-border namesakes, as both kingdoms had kings named
“Joram” (also spelled Jehoram),
“Ahaziah,”
“Joash” (also spelled Jehoash), and
“Jehoahaz” (also spelled Joahaz, and the one in Judah was
formerly called
“Shallum” (1
Chronicles 3:15)).
But people with the same names AND in the same era
(19 to 21 generations after King David)?
Six generations after King David, the kingdoms of Judah and Israel were both ruled by
kings named
“Joram” (Jehoram), and men named
“Ahaziah” succeeded the Joram in Judah and preceded the Joram in
Israel:
“So Ahaziah died according to the word of the LORD which Elijah had
spoken, and because he had no son, Joram became king in his place in the
second year of Joram the son of Jehoshaphat, king of Judah” (2
Kings 1:17). Moreover,
Jewish names are descriptive.
“Shealtiel,” which means “I have asked of God” or “I have petitioned
God,” describes the era of 19 to 21 generations after David as that is when
the Jews of Judah were crying out to God after
their kingdom was destroyed and they were
deported to Babylon, while
the name
“Zerubbabel” belongs only to this era since it means “born at Babel/Babylon”
or “stranger to Babel/Babylon.” It is likely that many more boys were named
“Shealtiel” and
“Zerubbabel” during this era. It should also be noted that historical events driving baby
names isn't unique to ancient Israel. Within five days of the United
States electing its first black president, 23 boys born at just one hospital - the
Nyanza Provincial Hospital in Kisumu, Kenya - were given “Barack Obama”
as their first and middle names.