Why does Tertullus call Paul a ringleader of "the sect of the Nazarenes" (Acts 24:5)?
Because Jesus grew up in Nazareth (see
Jesus of Nazareth), the Jews called Christians "the sect of the Nazarenes" in derogation.
Did Paul try to "profane the temple" (Acts 24:6)
of Jerusalem?
To the contrary, he spent almost seven days in it in ritual purification
(see
Paul's Nazarite vow).
Did the Jews want to "judge him according to
[their] law" (Acts 24:6)?
"They were seeking to kill him" (Acts 21:31) contrary to their law.
Did the commander Lysius "with great violence" (Acts 24:7)
take Paul out of their hands?
The
Roman Commander Claudius Lysias took Paul from their great violence against him.
What is missing from Paul's opening words?
The flattery. He simply acknowledges that Felix had
"been for many years a judge of this nation" (Acts
24:10). Since Felix was at this time also married to Drusilla, one of
Herod's daughters, he should have had at least some knowledge of Judaism and Christianity.
Had it really only been "no more than twelve days
since [Paul] went up to Jerusalem" (Acts 24:11)?
Yes, and it was a period rather short to have
organized and committed all that he was being accused of having committed, especially
since three of those twelve days had been spent in Roman custody: "And when we had come to Jerusalem,
the brethren received us gladly (Day 1). On the following day
(Day 2) Paul went in with
us to James, and all the elders were present" (Acts
21:17-18), "Then Paul took the men, and the next
day, having been purified with them, entered the temple ... Now when the
seven days (Days 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) were almost
ended, the Jews from Asia, seeing him in the temple, stirred up the whole
crowd and laid hands on him" (Acts 24:27).
"The next day (Day 10), because he
(commander Lysias) wanted to know for certain why he was accused by
the Jews, he released him from his bonds, and commanded the chief priests
and all their council to appear, and brought Paul down and set him before
them" (Acts 22:30). "But the following
night (Day 11) the Lord stood by him and said, “Be of good cheer, Paul; for as you
have testified for Me in Jerusalem, so you must also bear witness at Rome"
(Acts 23:11). "And when it was day (Day 12),
some of the Jews banded together and bound
themselves under an oath, saying that they would neither eat nor drink till
they had killed Paul" (Acts 23:12). Paul was escorted out of Jerusalem that night
(see
Claudius Lysias).